From democratic rights to national liberation The decade of the 1950s is known for the dramatic rise of reactionary politics, especially the virulent anti-communism of the McCarthy era. Amidst and against this period of great reaction emerged the civil rights...
Attica: the making and significance of a heroic prison uprising
Revolutionary revolt etched in workers' consciousness "We the inmates of Attica Prison, have grown to recognize beyond the shadow of a doubt, that because of our posture as prisoners and branded characters as alleged criminals, the administration and prison employees...
Women’s leadership and the Black liberation struggle
Review of "Want to Start a Revolution?" (NYU Press, 2009) For centuries, history was taught as the history of great, powerful, elite men. While historical writing has become far more diverse in recent years—entire fields focus on cultural and social transformations,...
It’s not that complicated: Malcolm X was a revolutionary
Review of Manning Marable's autobiography of Malcolm X In commemoration of the 49th anniversary of the assassination of Malcolm X, we repost this review by Eugene Puryear, originally published June 11, 2011. The review has also been published in the volume "A Lie of...
Still marching for jobs and freedom
Lessons from the 1963 March on Washington and the movement we need today On Aug. 28, 1963, hundreds of thousands participated in the massive March on Washington, which many call the high point of the Civil Rights Movement. The movement radically transformed society,...
The Greensboro sit-ins: how students invigorated the movement
On Feb. 1, 1960, Ezell A. Blair Jr., David Leinhail Richmond, Joseph Alfred McNeil, and Franklin Eugene McCain entered their local Woolworths store in Greensboro, N.C. The four students at North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical University purchased some school...
Red-lining and the historical roots of housing segregation in New York City
According to a recent State University of New York at Stony Brook / Erase Racism survey, the census ranks Long Island as the third most racially segregated suburban region in the country, behind the suburbs of Newark and Cleveland. In 1947, the Federal Housing...
A legacy of U.S. racism: Disenfranchising Black voters
This article first appeared in the December 2004 issue of Socialism and Liberation, on the heels of the controversial last presidential election. It has been slightly edited for clarity. About one week prior to the 2004 Presidential election, a conflict in Ohio drew...